英语谓语动词时态总共有16种,其中在SCI论文中用得较多的主要以下是5种。下面小编将根据论文框架为大家介绍不同部分常用的英文时态。
首先,我们要知道论文中选取不同英语时态的5个基本参考标准:
1. 一般现在时主要用于表示现在存在的状态、客观事实或普遍真理,通常存在写论文时叙述研究的目标、内容、方法以及研究结果,以及Acknowledgments(致谢)中。值得注意的是,对于别人已发表的成果,出于尊重不用过去时,而是用一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,主要用在描述作者所做的工作、比如材料、方法和结构等。
3. 一般将来时主要用于撰写论文后发生的工作或状态,比如提出下一步的研究方向。
4. 现在完成时用来介绍已经完成的研究和试验,并强调其对现在的影响。此时态将过去时间发生的事情与现在的情况联系起来,强调过去对现在的影响和作用。
5. 过去完成时当作者研究之前就有人已进行过相关工作,即「过去的过去」,或表示已存在的状态,用过去完成时表达。
通常一篇SCI论文会包括Abstract、Materials and Methods、Results、Conclusion、Discussion、Acknowledgments、References几个部分,大多是大同小异,比如有的可能会有Summary、Supplemental Data等。知道了以上5个基本参考标准后,下面小编将从论文的不同部分进行分析该用什么时态:
Abstract:摘要反映的是我们自己的研究成果,所以用一般过去时。
Introduction:
1. Introduction中的研究背景通常引用相关学科中广为接受的原理或事实,以及你所做研究的重要性,这些通常采用一般现在时。
例:Genomics provides crucial information for rational drug design.
2. 在Introduction中也可能引用与你的研究相关的一些研究结果,为表达你对该研究结果仍坚信其正确性及相关性,即使已经是很久以前的研究结果,可使用一般现在时。
例:Garcia (1993) suggested that under certain conditions, an individual’s deposit income is the same as the income from purchased national debt, thus changes in the amount of bank loans and deposits caused by changes in the amount of reserves will eventually affect the bond price.
3. 与上面一条相应的,如果该研究成果已经过时或失效,则用一般过去时。
例:Nineteenth-century physicians held that women got migraines because they were "the weaker sex," but current research shows that the causes of migraine are unrelated to gender.
4. 如果作者认为自己的结论仅仅是一种可能性或只是当时表示的研究结果和研究范围,或只适用本研究环境和条件的结论,则用一般过去时。
例:The morbidity and mortality rates observed in our group of receiving long-term TPN, therefore, were far in excess of what would be expected for a population of patients whose mean age was 27 years.
5. 介绍研究背景时,动作是从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到写本论文为止,或强调过去的行为对目前的影响。现在完成时常用于资料性文摘中则用现在完成时。
例:With ultrasound, the progression from a normal gallbladder to one with gallstones has been documented in more than 25 patients.
Materials and Methods:
此部分是对自己之前所做工作的描述,因此用一般过去时。
例:The purpose of report was to consider the etiologic mechanism and new therapy of ...(疾病名称).
但是方法一定要用被动语态,因为在这里每个阶段采取的动作比行为者更为重要。
例如,在外科文章里,读者会喜欢“A catheter was inserted for post-operative bladder irrigation.”胜过于“We inserted a catheter for post-operative bladder irrigation.”
Results:
如果是描述图表内容的Results,表示写论文时的状态,用一般现在时。
例: A detailed summary for each sample is provided in Supplementary Table 1.
如果是描述自己得出的研究成果,则用一般过去时进行详细阐述。
例1:Overall, more than 70% of the insects collected were non-phytophagous.
例2:Following activation of NT oocytes with strontium, the cell cycle resumed in both groups.
Discussion:
当作者认为本研究结论具有普遍性理论或临床应用意义时用一般现在时。
例:The drug improves microcriculation by increasing erythrocyte flexibility, inhibiting platelet aggregation ,decreasing vascular resistance. It also improves tissue oxygenation and increases ATP production.
3.当表示总结研究成果时用一般过去时,当对研究成果进行解释和讨论时用一般现在时。
4.在描述实验发现时用一般过去时,在讨论这个发现的意义是用一般现在时
例:Weight increased as the nutritional value of feed increased. These results suggest that feeds higher in nutritional value contribute to greater weight gain in livestock
5.用一般现在时表明作者坚信其研究结果和结论的正确性。
例:Leaf carbon and phenolic content did not differ across sites, indicating that the response of secondary plant chemicals such as phenolics to water is complex.
6.追述结果之前的情况,则用过去完成时。
例:Three patients with fever were treated the same way. The first patient with fever was treated before volunteers had been studied.
Conclusion:
1. 强调过去的研究成果采用过去时,表达将来的研究方向或研究前景用将来时。
例:In conclusion, our study provided a portrayal of circRNAs in different human normal and cancerous tissues.
2. 阐述自己研究成果的意义用一般现在时。
例:Taken together, these lines of evidence reveal a new level of diversity in the transcriptome and their regulation in human cells.
3. 提出研究前景或将来的研究方向用将来时,这部分也可能出现在Discussion中。
例:It will be interesting to explore whether lincRNA-p21 can interact with epigenetic factors
今天关于SCI论文中英语语态的问题就讲这么多,希望你在翻译的时候对这个问题不要再糊涂了。